--- title: Many moths can hear bat calls and dive or drop to escape, and some t… — Myth check: are bats blind? · tree and pragmatics description: Many moths can hear bat calls and dive or drop to escape, and some tiger moths click back at bats, which may confuse the bat's echolocation or warn that the moth tastes bad. Who acts: Many moths, tiger moths, bats, moth. A sentence of the lesson «Myth check: are bats blind?» of the biology course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Myth check: are bats blind?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/) / 15 # Myth check: are bats blind?, sentence 15 Many moths can hear bat calls and dive or drop to escape, and some tiger moths click back at bats, which may confuse the bat's echolocation or warn that the moth tastes bad. **Who acts:** Many moths, tiger moths, bats, moth · **What happens:** hear, dive, drop, escape, click back, confuse · **To what, where:** bat calls, bats, echolocation · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: are bats blind?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many moths, tiger moths, bats, moth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:153-are-bats-blind.lesson:15 # text = Many moths can hear bat calls and dive or drop to escape, and some tiger moths click back at bats, which may confuse the bat's echolocation or warn that the moth tastes bad. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 153-are-bats-blind.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 hear hear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 bat bat NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 calls call NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 dive dive VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 9 or or CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 drop drop VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 conj _ _ 11 to to PART TO _ 12 mark _ _ 12 escape escape VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 advcl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 15 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 17 det _ _ 16 tiger tiger NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 18 click click VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:parataxis 19 back back ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 20 at at ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 25 nsubj _ _ 24 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 confuse confuse VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 acl:relcl _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 bat bat NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod:poss _ _ 28 's 's PART POS _ 27 case _ _ 29 echolocation echolocation NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 30 or or CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=25:cc 31 warn warn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 conj _ _ 32 that that SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 moth moth NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _ 35 tastes taste VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 ccomp _ _ 36 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 xcomp _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hear** | can | Many moths | bat calls | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer call=Stimulus | | 2 | **dive** | infinitive | Many moths *not said here* | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 3 | **drop** | infinitive | Many moths *not said here* | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **escape** | to-infinitive | Many moths *not said here* | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **click back** | present | some tiger moths | | | bats | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at bat=Location | | 6 | **confuse** | may | bats | the bat's echolocation | | | | | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echolocation=Patient | | 7 | **warn** *speech: warn* | infinitive | bats *not said here* | | | | | | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **taste** | present | the moth | | | | | bad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:153-are-bats-blind.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Myth check: are bats blind?, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/14/) - next →: [Myth check: are bats blind?, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/)