--- title: On a summer evening over a pond you can watch bats swoop and twist a… — Myth check: are bats blind? · tree and pragmatics description: On a summer evening over a pond you can watch bats swoop and twist after midges; each turn is a bat hearing an echo and snatching an insect it cannot easily see in the dark. Who acts: you, bats, turn, bat. A sentence of the lesson «Myth check: are bats blind?» of the biology course of Mova's primary --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Myth check: are bats blind?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/) / 2 # Myth check: are bats blind?, sentence 2 On a summer evening over a pond you can watch bats swoop and twist after midges; each turn is a bat hearing an echo and snatching an insect it cannot easily see in the dark. **Who acts:** you, bats, turn, bat · **What happens:** watch, swoop, twist, be, hear, snatch · **To what, where:** bat, echo, insect, dark This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: are bats blind?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, bats, turn, bat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:153-are-bats-blind.lesson:2 # text = On a summer evening over a pond you can watch bats swoop and twist after midges; each turn is a bat hearing an echo and snatching an insect it cannot easily see in the dark. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 153-are-bats-blind.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 On on ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 summer summer NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 evening evening NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 5 over over ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 pond pond NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 9 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 10 watch watch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 11 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 12 swoop swoop VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 xcomp _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 twist twist VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 conj _ _ 15 after after ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 midges midge NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 18 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 19 det _ _ 19 turn turn NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 20 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 bat bat NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 parataxis _ _ 23 hearing hear VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 22 acl _ _ 24 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 echo echo NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 snatching snatch VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 23 conj _ _ 28 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 insect insect NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 30 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 31 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 32 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 34 advmod _ _ 33 easily easily ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 34 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 acl:relcl _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 dark dark NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **watch** | can | you | | | | evening | | tree rules | | 2 | **swoop** | infinitive | bats | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **twist** | infinitive | bats *not said here* | | | | after midges | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **is a** | present | each turn | a bat | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **hear** | gerund | a bat *not said here* | a echo | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer echo=Stimulus | | 6 | **snatch** | gerund | a bat *not said here* | a insect | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme | | 7 | **not** **see** | can | bat | a insect *not said here* | | the dark | | easily *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer insect=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:153-are-bats-blind.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Myth check: are bats blind?, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/1/) - next →: [Myth check: are bats blind?, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/)