--- title: Many small bats echolocate: they send out high calls and judge where… — Myth check: are bats blind? · tree and pragmatics description: Many small bats echolocate: they send out high calls and judge where an insect is, and even its size and shape, from the echoes; an echo from something close comes back sooner than one from far away. Who acts: Many small bats, Films, insect, echo. A sentence of the lesson «Myth check: are bats blind --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Myth check: are bats blind?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/) / 5 # Myth check: are bats blind?, sentence 5 Many small bats echolocate: they send out high calls and judge where an insect is, and even its size and shape, from the echoes; an echo from something close comes back sooner than one from far away. **Who acts:** Many small bats, Films, insect, echo · **What happens:** echolocate, send out, judge, be, come back · **To what, where:** high calls, size, echoes This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: are bats blind?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many small bats, Films, insect, echo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:153-are-bats-blind.lesson:5 # text = Many small bats echolocate: they send out high calls and judge where an insect is, and even its size and shape, from the echoes; an echo from something close comes back sooner than one from far away. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 153-are-bats-blind.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 2 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 echolocate echolocate VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 5 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 6 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 7 send send VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 8 out out ADP RP _ 7 compound:prt _ _ 9 high high ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 calls call NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 judge judge VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 13 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 16 advmod _ _ 14 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 insect insect NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 16 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 ccomp _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 19 even even ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 20 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 size size NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 shape shape NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 from from ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 echoes echo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 29 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 echo echo NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 31 from from ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 30 nmod _ _ 33 close close ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 34 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 35 back back ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 36 sooner soon ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 34 advmod _ _ 37 than than ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 36 obl _ _ 39 from from ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 38 advmod _ _ 41 away away ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **echolocate** | present | Many small bats | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **send out** | present | Films *= film* | high calls | | | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent call=Theme | | 3 | **judge** | present | Films *= film* *not said here* | bat's size and shape | | the echoes | | | vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent size=Theme clause=Attribute | | 4 | **be** | present | a insect | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **come back** | present | a echo from something | | | | | soon *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:153-are-bats-blind.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Myth check: are bats blind?, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/4/) - next →: [Myth check: are bats blind?, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/)