--- title: At dawn howler monkeys roar so loudly they can be heard kilometres a… — The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucan… · tree and pragmatics description: At dawn howler monkeys roar so loudly they can be heard kilometres away, toucans flick berries into their throats, and a harpy eagle with claws as long as a bear's watches for a sloth. Who acts: howler monkeys, toucans, harpy eagle. A sentence of the lesson «The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/156-the-amazon-canopy/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagl…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/156-the-amazon-canopy/) / 1 # The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens, sentence 1 At dawn howler monkeys roar so loudly they can be heard kilometres away, toucans flick berries into their throats, and a harpy eagle with claws as long as a bear's watches for a sloth. **Who acts:** howler monkeys, toucans, harpy eagle · **What happens:** roar, hear, flick, watch · **To what, where:** monkeys, berries, throats This is a sentence of the lesson «The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (howler monkeys, toucans, harpy eagle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson:1 # text = At dawn howler monkeys roar so loudly they can be heard kilometres away, toucans flick berries into their throats, and a harpy eagle with claws as long as a bear's watches for a sloth. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 At at ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 dawn dawn NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 3 howler howler NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 monkeys monkey NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 roar roar VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 parataxis _ _ 6 so so ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 loudly loudly ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 8 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 10 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 11 aux:pass _ _ 11 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 advcl _ _ 12 kilometres kilometre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:obl:unmarked 13 away away ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=5:punct 15 toucans toucan NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 16 flick flick VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 17 berries berry NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 18 into into ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 throats throat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 harpy harpy NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 eagle eagle NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 26 with with ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 claws claw NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nmod _ _ 28 as as ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 29 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 30 as as ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 bear bear NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod:poss _ _ 33 's 's PART POS _ 32 case _ _ 34 watches watch VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 35 for for ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 sloth sloth NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=34:obl 38 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **roar** | present | howler monkeys | | | | dawn | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | | 2 | **hear** | can · passive | | monkeys *= monkey* | | | | away, loudly *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | | 3 | **flick** | infinitive | toucans | berries | | toucans's throats | | | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent berry=Theme into throat=Destination | | 4 | **watch** | present | a harpy eagle with claws | | | | | for a sloth | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for sloth=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagl…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/156-the-amazon-canopy/0/) - next →: [The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagl…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/156-the-amazon-canopy/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/156-the-amazon-canopy/)