---
title: Only monkeys of the Americas have gripping tails; no monkey of Afric… — The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucan… · tree and pragmatics
description: Only monkeys of the Americas have gripping tails; no monkey of Africa or Asia can hang by its tail. Who acts: monkeys, monkey. A sentence of the lesson «The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency
---

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# The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens, sentence 13

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Only monkeys of the Americas have gripping tails; no monkey of Africa or Asia can hang by its tail.

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**Who acts:** monkeys, monkey · **What happens:** have, grip, hang · **To what, where:** gripping tails

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monkeys, monkey), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson:13
# text = Only monkeys of the Americas have gripping tails; no monkey of Africa or Asia can hang by its tail.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Americas	Americas	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
7	gripping	grip	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	amod	_	_
8	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	hang	hang	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=17:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | monkeys of the Americas | gripping tails |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient |
| 2 | **grip** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hang** | can | no monkey of Africa or Asia |  |  |  |  | by tail's tail | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by tail=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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