--- title: Howler monkeys roar together to tell other troops where they are, an… — The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucan… · tree and pragmatics description: Howler monkeys roar together to tell other troops where they are, and a hollow bone in the throat lets the sound carry several kilometres. Who acts: Howler monkeys, monkeys, hollow bone, sound. A sentence of the lesson «The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/156-the-amazon-canopy/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagl…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/156-the-amazon-canopy/) / 4 # The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens, sentence 4 Howler monkeys roar together to tell other troops where they are, and a hollow bone in the throat lets the sound carry several kilometres. **Who acts:** Howler monkeys, monkeys, hollow bone, sound · **What happens:** roar, tell, be, let, carry · **To what, where:** other troops, sound, several kilometres · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Howler monkeys, monkeys, hollow bone, sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson:4 # text = Howler monkeys roar together to tell other troops where they are, and a hollow bone in the throat lets the sound carry several kilometres. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Howler howler NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 monkeys monkey NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 roar roar VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 4 together together ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl _ _ 7 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 troops troops NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 6 iobj _ _ 9 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 6 ccomp _ _ 10 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 11 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=3:punct 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 hollow hollow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 throat throat NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 20 lets let VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 carry carry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 xcomp _ _ 24 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 kilometres kilometre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **roar** | present | Howler monkeys | | | | | together *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | Howler monkeys *not said here* | | other troops | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent troops=Recipient | | 3 | **is** | present | monkeys *= monkey* | | | | | where *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **let** | present | a hollow bone in the throat | the sound | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **carry** | infinitive | the sound *not said here* | several kilometres | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilometre=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagl…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/156-the-amazon-canopy/3/) - next →: [The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagl…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/156-the-amazon-canopy/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/156-the-amazon-canopy/)