---
title: Howlers rest most of the day, because their leafy food gives little… — The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucan… · tree and pragmatics
description: Howlers rest most of the day, because their leafy food gives little energy. Who acts: Howlers, leafy food. A sentence of the lesson «The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens, sentence 5

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Howlers rest most of the day, because their leafy food gives little energy.

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**Who acts:** Howlers, leafy food · **What happens:** rest, give · **To what, where:** most, little energy

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Howlers, leafy food), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson:5
# text = Howlers rest most of the day, because their leafy food gives little energy.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Howlers	howler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rest	rest	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	leafy	leafy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
13	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rest** | present | Howlers | most of the day |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location most=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | present | Howlers's leafy food | little energy |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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