--- title: A line of leafcutter ants marches past holding green leaf pieces lik… — The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants,… · tree and pragmatics description: A line of leafcutter ants marches past holding green leaf pieces like little sails, but they do not eat the leaves: they feed them to a fungus garden underground, and the fungus is their food. Who acts: line, pieces, fungus. A sentence of the lesson «The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/157-the-amazon-forest-floor/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/157-the-amazon-forest-floor/) / 1 # The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants, tapirs, jaguars and the giant spider, sentence 1 A line of leafcutter ants marches past holding green leaf pieces like little sails, but they do not eat the leaves: they feed them to a fungus garden underground, and the fungus is their food. **Who acts:** line, pieces, fungus · **What happens:** march, hold, not eat, feed, be · **To what, where:** green leaf pieces, leaves, fungus garden, food This is a sentence of the lesson «The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants, tapirs, jaguars and the giant spider» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (line, pieces, fungus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:157-the-amazon-forest-floor.lesson:1 # text = A line of leafcutter ants marches past holding green leaf pieces like little sails, but they do not eat the leaves: they feed them to a fungus garden underground, and the fungus is their food. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 157-the-amazon-forest-floor.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 line line NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 leafcutter leafcutter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 5 ants ant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _ 6 marches march VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 past past SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 8 holding hold VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 advcl _ _ 9 green green ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 10 leaf leaf NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 12 like like ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 sails sail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 16 but but CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 17 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 18 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 19 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 20 advmod _ _ 20 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:parataxis 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 23 : : PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 feed feed VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 26 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ _ 27 to to ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 fungus fungus NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 compound _ _ 30 garden garden NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 31 underground underground ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 fungus fungus NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ _ 36 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 cop _ _ 37 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **march** | present | a line of leafcutter ants | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **hold** | gerund | a line of leafcutter ants *not said here* | green leaf pieces | | | | like little sails | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Theme | | 3 | **not** **eat** | present · do-support | pieces *= piece* | the leaves | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient | | 4 | **feed** | present | pieces *= piece* | leaves *= leaf* | a fungus garden | | | | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Theme to garden=Recipient | | 5 | **is a** | present | the fungus | pieces's food | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:157-the-amazon-forest-floor.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters,…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/157-the-amazon-forest-floor/0/) - next →: [The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters,…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/157-the-amazon-forest-floor/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/157-the-amazon-forest-floor/)