--- title: Leafcutter ants cut and carry leaves but do not eat them; they grow… — The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants,… · tree and pragmatics description: Leafcutter ants cut and carry leaves but do not eat them; they grow a fungus on chewed leaf paste and eat the fungus. Who acts: Leafcutter ants, ants. A sentence of the lesson «The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants, tapirs, jaguars and the giant spider» of the biology course of Mova's prim --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/157-the-amazon-forest-floor/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/157-the-amazon-forest-floor/) / 4 # The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants, tapirs, jaguars and the giant spider, sentence 4 Leafcutter ants cut and carry leaves but do not eat them; they grow a fungus on chewed leaf paste and eat the fungus. **Who acts:** Leafcutter ants, ants · **What happens:** cut, carry, not eat, grow, chew, eat · **To what, where:** leaves, fungus, chewed leaf paste This is a sentence of the lesson «The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants, tapirs, jaguars and the giant spider» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leafcutter ants, ants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:157-the-amazon-forest-floor.lesson:4 # text = Leafcutter ants cut and carry leaves but do not eat them; they grow a fungus on chewed leaf paste and eat the fungus. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 157-the-amazon-forest-floor.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Leafcutter Leafcutter PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 ants ant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 cut cut VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 carry carry VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 6 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 7 but but CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 8 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 9 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 10 advmod _ _ 10 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=5:conj 11 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 fungus fungus NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 17 on on ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 18 chewed chew VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 20 amod _ _ 19 leaf leaf NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 paste paste NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 fungus fungus NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cut** | present | Leafcutter ants | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 2 | **carry** | present | Leafcutter ants *not said here* | leaves | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme | | 3 | **not** **eat** | present · do-support | Leafcutter ants *not said here* | leaves *= leaf* | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 4 | **grow** | present | ants *= ant* | a fungus | | chewed leaf paste | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fungus=Theme | | 5 | **chew** | participle | | | | | | | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **eat** | present | ants *= ant* *not said here* | the fungus | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fungus=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:157-the-amazon-forest-floor.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters,…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/157-the-amazon-forest-floor/3/) - next →: [The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters,…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/157-the-amazon-forest-floor/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/157-the-amazon-forest-floor/)