---
title: The Congo rainforest in the middle of Africa is the second biggest r… — The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis… · tree and pragmatics
description: The Congo rainforest in the middle of Africa is the second biggest rainforest on Earth, a dark green world of gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos and elephants that walk under the trees. Who acts: Congo rainforest, elephants. A sentence of the lesson «The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and f
---

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# The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants, sentence 0

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Congo rainforest in the middle of Africa is the second biggest rainforest on Earth, a dark green world of gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos and elephants that walk under the trees.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Congo rainforest, elephants · **What happens:** be, walk · **To what, where:** second biggest rainforest, Earth, trees

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Congo rainforest, elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:159-the-congo-rainforest.lesson:0
# text = The Congo rainforest in the middle of Africa is the second biggest rainforest on Earth, a dark green world of gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos and elephants that walk under the trees.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 159-the-congo-rainforest.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Congo	Congo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	13	amod	_	_
12	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	13	amod	_	_
13	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:nmod
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	gorillas	gorilla	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	bonobos	bonobo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
29	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
30	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	acl:relcl	_	_
31	under	under	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Congo rainforest in the middle of Africa | the second biggest rainforest |  | Earth |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **walk** | present | elephants |  |  | the trees |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under tree=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:159-the-congo-rainforest.lesson:0`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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