---
title: Chimpanzees and bonobos split apart when the Congo River became a ba… — The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis… · tree and pragmatics
description: Chimpanzees and bonobos split apart when the Congo River became a barrier they could not swim across, roughly one to two million years ago. Who acts: Chimpanzees, Congo River. A sentence of the lesson «The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants» of the biology course of Mov
---

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# The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants, sentence 7

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Chimpanzees and bonobos split apart when the Congo River became a barrier they could not swim across, roughly one to two million years ago.

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**Who acts:** Chimpanzees, Congo River · **What happens:** split, become, not swim · **To what, where:** barrier

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chimpanzees, Congo River), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:159-the-congo-rainforest.lesson:7
# text = Chimpanzees and bonobos split apart when the Congo River became a barrier they could not swim across, roughly one to two million years ago.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 159-the-congo-rainforest.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	bonobos	bonobo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	split	split	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
5	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Congo	Congo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	barrier	barrier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	across	across	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	roughly	roughly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
20	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	compound	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nmod	_	_
23	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
25	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **split** | past | Chimpanzees and bonobos |  |  |  |  | apart *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **become** | past | the Congo River | a barrier |  |  | year |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **swim** | could | chimpanzees *= chimpanzee* | a barrier *not said here* |  |  |  | across *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme barrier=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:159-the-congo-rainforest.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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