--- title: Gorillas and chimps walk on all fours leaning on their knuckles, whi… — The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas,… · tree and pragmatics description: Gorillas and chimps walk on all fours leaning on their knuckles, while orangutans walk on their fists or the sides of their hands. Who acts: Gorillas, orangutans. A sentence of the lesson «The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/) / 11 # The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, sentence 11 Gorillas and chimps walk on all fours leaning on their knuckles, while orangutans walk on their fists or the sides of their hands. **Who acts:** Gorillas, orangutans · **What happens:** walk, lean · **To what, where:** fours, knuckles, fists This is a sentence of the lesson «The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gorillas, orangutans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:016-the-great-apes.lesson:11 # text = Gorillas and chimps walk on all fours leaning on their knuckles, while orangutans walk on their fists or the sides of their hands. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 016-the-great-apes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Gorillas gorilla NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 chimps chimp NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 4 walk walk VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 5 on on ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 7 det _ _ 7 fours four NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 leaning lean VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 advcl _ _ 9 on on ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 knuckles knuckle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 while while SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 14 orangutans orangutan NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 15 walk walk VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 16 on on ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 fists fist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 19 or or CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 sides side NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nmod _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **walk** | present | Gorillas and chimps | | | all fours | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on four=Trajectory | | 2 | **lean** | gerund | Gorillas and chimps *not said here* | | | gorillas's knuckles | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on knuckle=Location | | 3 | **walk** | present | orangutans | | | gorillas's fists or the sides of gorillas's hands | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on fist=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:016-the-great-apes.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos,…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/10/) - next →: [The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos,…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/)