--- title: In the mirror test, chimpanzees, bonobos and orangutans touch a mark… — The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas,… · tree and pragmatics description: In the mirror test, chimpanzees, bonobos and orangutans touch a mark put on their face, showing they know the reflection is themselves; most animals, like cats and dogs, act as if it is another animal. Who acts: orangutans, most animals, reflection. A sentence of the lesson «The great apes: chimpanz --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/) / 12 # The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, sentence 12 In the mirror test, chimpanzees, bonobos and orangutans touch a mark put on their face, showing they know the reflection is themselves; most animals, like cats and dogs, act as if it is another animal. **Who acts:** orangutans, most animals, reflection · **What happens:** touch, put, show, know, be, act · **To what, where:** mark, mirror test, face, reflection, orangutans, animal · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (orangutans, most animals, reflection), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:016-the-great-apes.lesson:12 # text = In the mirror test, chimpanzees, bonobos and orangutans touch a mark put on their face, showing they know the reflection is themselves; most animals, like cats and dogs, act as if it is another animal. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 016-the-great-apes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 mirror mirror NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 test test NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 chimpanzees chimpanzee NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 conj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=4:punct 8 bonobos bonobo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:nsubj 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 orangutans orangutan NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 11 touch touch VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 mark mark NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 put put VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 acl _ _ 15 on on ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ _ 17 face face NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 showing show VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 11 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:conj 20 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 know know VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 ccomp _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 reflection reflection NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 24 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 25 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 23 nmod _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 27 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 28 amod _ _ 28 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 30 like like ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 cats cat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nmod _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 conj _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 35 act act VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 ccomp _ _ 36 as as SCONJ IN _ 41 mark _ _ 37 if if SCONJ IN _ 41 mark _ _ 38 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 39 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 41 cop _ _ 40 another another DET DT PronType=Ind 41 det _ _ 41 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 advcl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **touch** | present | | a mark | | the mirror test and chimpanzees and bonobos and orangutans | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mark=Co-Theme | | 2 | **put** | participle | | a mark *not said here* | | orangutans's face | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on face=Destination | | 3 | **show** | gerund | | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **know** | present | orangutans *= orangutan* | the reflection | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **is a** | present | | orangutans *= orangutan* | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **act** | present | most animals like cats and dogs | | | | | | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **is a** | present | reflection | another animal | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:016-the-great-apes.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos,…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/11/) - next →: [The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos,…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/)