--- title: Orangutans live in Borneo and Sumatra, gorillas, chimps and bonobos… — The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas,… · tree and pragmatics description: Orangutans live in Borneo and Sumatra, gorillas, chimps and bonobos in Africa, and their forests are being cut down for farms and oil palm, while apes have babies so slowly that their numbers take a very long time to recover. Who acts: Orangutans, apes, numbers. A sentence of the lesson «The great a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/) / 3 # The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, sentence 3 Orangutans live in Borneo and Sumatra, gorillas, chimps and bonobos in Africa, and their forests are being cut down for farms and oil palm, while apes have babies so slowly that their numbers take a very long time to recover. **Who acts:** Orangutans, apes, numbers · **What happens:** live, cut down, have, take, recover · **To what, where:** Borneo, forests, babies This is a sentence of the lesson «The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Orangutans, apes, numbers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:016-the-great-apes.lesson:3 # text = Orangutans live in Borneo and Sumatra, gorillas, chimps and bonobos in Africa, and their forests are being cut down for farms and oil palm, while apes have babies so slowly that their numbers take a very long time to recover. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 016-the-great-apes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Orangutans orangutan NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Borneo Borneo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 Sumatra Sumatra PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 8 gorillas gorilla NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 conj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 chimps chimp NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 conj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 bonobos bonobo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=10:conj 13 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 17 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 forests forest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj:pass _ _ 19 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux:pass _ _ 20 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 21 aux:pass _ _ 21 cut cut VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 conj _ _ 22 down down ADP RP _ 21 compound:prt _ _ 23 for for ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 farms farm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 26 oil oil NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 27 palm palm NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 while while SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 30 apes ape NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:parataxis 32 babies baby NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 33 so so ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 34 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 35 that that SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 36 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 numbers number NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ _ 38 take take VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 advcl _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 40 very very ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 41 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 42 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 43 to to PART TO _ 44 mark _ _ 44 recover recover VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 38 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=42:acl 45 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **live** | present | Orangutans | | | Borneo and Sumatra and gorillas and chimps in Africa and bonobos | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in borneo=Location | | 2 | **cut down** | present · passive | | orangutans's forests | | | | for farms and oil palm | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: subject=Product for farm=Asset | | 3 | **have** | present | apes | babies | | | | slowly *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient | | 4 | **take** | present | orangutans's numbers | | | | time | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **recover** | to-infinitive | orangutans's numbers *not said here* | | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:016-the-great-apes.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos,…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/2/) - next →: [The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos,…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/)