--- title: Chimpanzees push a grass stem or stick into termite holes and lick o… — The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas,… · tree and pragmatics description: Chimpanzees push a grass stem or stick into termite holes and lick off the termites that bite it; Jane Goodall saw this in Gombe, Tanzania, in 1960, when people still thought only humans made tools. Who acts: Chimpanzees, termites, Jane, people. A sentence of the lesson «The great apes: chimpanzees, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/) / 4 # The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, sentence 4 Chimpanzees push a grass stem or stick into termite holes and lick off the termites that bite it; Jane Goodall saw this in Gombe, Tanzania, in 1960, when people still thought only humans made tools. **Who acts:** Chimpanzees, termites, Jane, people, humans · **What happens:** push, stick, lick off, bite, see, think · **To what, where:** grass stem, termite holes, termites, stem, this, Gombe · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chimpanzees, termites, Jane, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:016-the-great-apes.lesson:4 # text = Chimpanzees push a grass stem or stick into termite holes and lick off the termites that bite it; Jane Goodall saw this in Gombe, Tanzania, in 1960, when people still thought only humans made tools. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 016-the-great-apes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Chimpanzees chimpanzee NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 push push VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 stem stem NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 or or CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 stick stick VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 8 into into ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 termite termite NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 holes hole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 lick lick VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=7:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 13 off off ADP RP _ 12 compound:prt _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 termites termite NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:obl 16 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 17 nsubj _ _ 17 bite bite VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 acl:relcl _ _ 18 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 20 Jane Jane PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 21 Goodall Goodall PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 flat _ _ 22 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 advcl _ _ 23 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 22 obj _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 Gombe Gombe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 Tanzania Tanzania PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 appos _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 1960 1960 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 22 obl _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 35 advmod _ _ 33 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _ 34 still still ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 35 thought think VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 advcl _ _ 36 only only ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 37 humans human NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:obj 38 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 ccomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=37:acl 39 tools tool NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 obj _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **push** | present | Chimpanzees | a grass stem | | | | | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stem=Theme | | 2 | **stick** | infinitive | Chimpanzees *not said here* | | | termite holes | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into hole=Destination | | 3 | **lick off** | present | Chimpanzees *not said here* | the termites | | | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent termite=Source | | 4 | **bite** | present | the termites | stem | | | | | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 5 | **see** | past | Jane | this | | Gombe | | in 1960 | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus | | 6 | **think** *speech: other* | past | people | | | | still | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 7 | **make** | past | humans | tools | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:016-the-great-apes.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos,…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/3/) - next →: [The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos,…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/)