---
title: Elephantnose fish make weak electricity to sense their surroundings… — The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, l… · tree and pragmatics
description: Elephantnose fish make weak electricity to sense their surroundings and talk to each other in dark, muddy water. Who acts: Elephantnose fish. A sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its de
---

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[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepes…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/) / 11

# The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds, sentence 11

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Elephantnose fish make weak electricity to sense their surroundings and talk to each other in dark, muddy water.

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**Who acts:** Elephantnose fish · **What happens:** make, sense, talk · **To what, where:** weak electricity, surroundings, dark muddy water

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elephantnose fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:11
# text = Elephantnose fish make weak electricity to sense their surroundings and talk to each other in dark, muddy water.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 160-the-congo-river.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Elephantnose	elephantnose	NOUN	NN	_	2	compound	_	_
2	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	sense	sense	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:acl
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	11	obl	_	_
14	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	fixed	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
18	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Elephantnose fish | weak electricity |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Product |
| 2 | **sense** | to-infinitive | Elephantnose fish *not said here* | hippos's surroundings |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer surroundings=Stimulus |
| 3 | **talk** | infinitive | Elephantnose fish *not said here* |  |  | dark muddy water |  | to each | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to each=Co-Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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