--- title: African lungfish dig into mud when the water dries up, wrap themselv… — The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, l… · tree and pragmatics description: African lungfish dig into mud when the water dries up, wrap themselves in a slime cocoon and breathe air through a small hole until the rains come, sometimes for years. Who acts: African lungfish, water, rains. A sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hid --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepes…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/) / 12 # The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds, sentence 12 African lungfish dig into mud when the water dries up, wrap themselves in a slime cocoon and breathe air through a small hole until the rains come, sometimes for years. **Who acts:** African lungfish, water, rains · **What happens:** dig, dry up, wrap, breathe, come · **To what, where:** surroundings, slime cocoon, air, small hole This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (African lungfish, water, rains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:12 # text = African lungfish dig into mud when the water dries up, wrap themselves in a slime cocoon and breathe air through a small hole until the rains come, sometimes for years. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 160-the-congo-river.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 African African ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:amod 2 lungfish lungfish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 dig dig VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 into into ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 6 when when SCONJ WRB _ 9 mark _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 dries dry VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 10 up up ADP RP _ 9 compound:prt _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 wrap wrap VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 13 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 12 obj _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 slime slime NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 cocoon cocoon NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 breathe breathe VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 conj _ _ 20 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 21 through through ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 23 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 hole hole NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 25 until until SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 rains rain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 28 come come VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 advcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=19:advcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 sometimes sometimes ADV RB PronType=Ind 28 advmod _ _ 31 for for ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **dig** | present | African lungfish | | | | | into mud | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.patient»: agent=Agent into mud=Patient | | 2 | **dry up** | present | the water | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **wrap** | infinitive | African lungfish *not said here* | surroundings | | a slime cocoon | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme in cocoon=Destination | | 4 | **breathe** | infinitive | African lungfish *not said here* | air | | a small hole | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | | 5 | **come** | present | the rains | | | | year | sometimes *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepes…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/11/) - next →: [The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepes…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/)