---
title: The African forest buffalo is a smaller, reddish cousin of the savan… — The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, l… · tree and pragmatics
description: The African forest buffalo is a smaller, reddish cousin of the savanna buffalo, with swept-back horns that fit dense forest. Who acts: African forest buffalo, swept horns. A sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mov
---

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# The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds, sentence 14

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The African forest buffalo is a smaller, reddish cousin of the savanna buffalo, with swept-back horns that fit dense forest.

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**Who acts:** African forest buffalo, swept horns · **What happens:** be, sweep, fit · **To what, where:** smaller reddish cousin, dense forest

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (African forest buffalo, swept horns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:14
# text = The African forest buffalo is a smaller, reddish cousin of the savanna buffalo, with swept-back horns that fit dense forest.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 160-the-congo-river.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	reddish	reddish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	savanna	savanna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	swept	sweep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	amod	_	_
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	_
19	back	back	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	_
20	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:conj
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	fit	fit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
23	dense	dense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the African forest buffalo | a smaller reddish cousin |  |  |  | of the savanna buffalo; with swept horns | tree rules |
| 2 | **sweep** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fit** | present | swept horns | dense forest |  |  |  |  | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forest=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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