--- title: The hammer-headed bat is the largest bat in Africa, and males have h… — The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, l… · tree and pragmatics description: The hammer-headed bat is the largest bat in Africa, and males have huge heads to make loud honking calls that females listen to. Who acts: headed bat, males, females. A sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepes…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/) / 15 # The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds, sentence 15 The hammer-headed bat is the largest bat in Africa, and males have huge heads to make loud honking calls that females listen to. **Who acts:** headed bat, males, females · **What happens:** head, be, have, make, listen · **To what, where:** largest bat, Africa, huge heads, loud honking calls This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (headed bat, males, females), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:15 # text = The hammer-headed bat is the largest bat in Africa, and males have huge heads to make loud honking calls that females listen to. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 160-the-congo-river.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 2 hammer hammer NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 2 punct _ _ 4 headed head VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 amod _ _ 5 bat bat NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 largest large ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 9 amod _ _ 9 bat bat NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 15 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 16 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 heads head NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 18 to to PART TO _ 19 mark _ _ 19 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 acl _ _ 20 loud loud ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 21 honking honk NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:amod|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 22 calls call NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 23 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 25 obl _ _ 24 females female NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 listen listen VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 acl:relcl _ _ 26 to to ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **head** | participle | | | | | | | vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is a** | present | the headed bat | the largest bat | | Africa | | | tree rules | | 3 | **have** | present | males | huge heads | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient | | 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | males *not said here* | loud honking calls | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset call=Product | | 5 | **listen** | present | females | | | | | to loud honking calls | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to that=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepes…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/14/) - next →: [The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepes…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/)