---
title: African pygmy kingfishers are tiny kingfishers that mostly hunt inse… — The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, l… · tree and pragmatics
description: African pygmy kingfishers are tiny kingfishers that mostly hunt insects in woods, not fish in rivers. Who acts: African pygmy kingfishers, tiny kingfishers. A sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary sch
---

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# The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds, sentence 17

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
African pygmy kingfishers are tiny kingfishers that mostly hunt insects in woods, not fish in rivers.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** African pygmy kingfishers, tiny kingfishers · **What happens:** be, hunt · **To what, where:** tiny kingfishers, insects, woods

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (African pygmy kingfishers, tiny kingfishers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:17
# text = African pygmy kingfishers are tiny kingfishers that mostly hunt insects in woods, not fish in rivers.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 160-the-congo-river.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	pygmy	pygmy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	kingfishers	kingfisher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	kingfishers	kingfisher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=6:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
10	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | African pygmy kingfishers | tiny kingfishers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hunt** | present | tiny kingfishers | insects and fish in rivers |  | woods |  | mostly *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent insect=Theme in wood=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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