---
title: The African dwarf crocodile is one of the smallest crocodiles, usual… — The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, l… · tree and pragmatics
description: The African dwarf crocodile is one of the smallest crocodiles, usually under two metres, and hunts fish and frogs at night in forest streams. Who acts: African dwarf crocodile. A sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course o
---

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# The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds, sentence 7

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The African dwarf crocodile is one of the smallest crocodiles, usually under two metres, and hunts fish and frogs at night in forest streams.

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**Who acts:** African dwarf crocodile · **What happens:** be, hunt · **To what, where:** one, fish, forest streams

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (African dwarf crocodile), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:7
# text = The African dwarf crocodile is one of the smallest crocodiles, usually under two metres, and hunts fish and frogs at night in forest streams.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 160-the-congo-river.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	dwarf	dwarf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
4	crocodile	crocodile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	smallest	small	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	amod	_	_
10	crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
13	under	under	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	appos	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	hunts	hunt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
19	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	streams	stream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the African dwarf crocodile | one |  |  |  | of the smallest crocodiles | tree rules |
| 2 | **hunt** | present | the African dwarf crocodile *not said here* | fish and frogs |  | forest streams | night |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent fish=Theme in stream=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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