--- title: Hippos cannot really swim; they are so heavy they sink, so they walk… — The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, l… · tree and pragmatics description: Hippos cannot really swim; they are so heavy they sink, so they walk or bounce along the bottom with ears and nostrils closed, and come up to breathe. Who acts: Hippos. A sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepes…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/) / 9 # The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds, sentence 9 Hippos cannot really swim; they are so heavy they sink, so they walk or bounce along the bottom with ears and nostrils closed, and come up to breathe. **Who acts:** Hippos · **What happens:** not swim, be, sink, walk, bounce, close · **To what, where:** bottom, ears This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hippos), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:9 # text = Hippos cannot really swim; they are so heavy they sink, so they walk or bounce along the bottom with ears and nostrils closed, and come up to breathe. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 160-the-congo-river.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Hippos hippo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 3 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 5 advmod _ _ 4 really really ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 swim swim VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 ; ; PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 7 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 8 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _ 9 so so ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 parataxis _ _ 11 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 sink sink VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 parataxis _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 so so ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 walk walk VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 17 or or CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 bounce bounce VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 19 along along ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 bottom bottom NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 22 with with ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nmod _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 nostrils nostril NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 conj _ _ 26 closed close VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 acl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 come come VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 10 parataxis _ _ 30 up up ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 31 to to PART TO _ 32 mark _ _ 32 breathe breathe VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:xcomp 33 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=10:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **swim** | can | Hippos | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is** | present | hippos *= hippo* | | | | | heavy *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **sink** | present | hippos *= hippo* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **walk** | present | hippos *= hippo* | | | the bottom with ears and nostrils | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bottom=Trajectory | | 5 | **bounce** | present | hippos *= hippo* *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **close** | participle | | ears and nostrils *not said here* | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 7 | **come up** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **breathe** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepes…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/8/) - next →: [The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepes…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/)