--- title: The sun bear is the smallest bear and has a very long tongue for lic… — Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy rhino, th… · tree and pragmatics description: The sun bear is the smallest bear and has a very long tongue for licking honey and insects; its loose skin lets it twist round and bite a predator that grabs it from behind. Who acts: sun bear, long tongue, loose skin, skin. A sentence of the lesson «Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy rhino, the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris/) / 8 # Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy rhino, the stinking giant flower and the venomous loris, sentence 8 The sun bear is the smallest bear and has a very long tongue for licking honey and insects; its loose skin lets it twist round and bite a predator that grabs it from behind. **Who acts:** sun bear, long tongue, loose skin, skin, predator · **What happens:** be, have, lick, let, twist, bite · **To what, where:** smallest bear, long tongue, honey, predator This is a sentence of the lesson «Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy rhino, the stinking giant flower and the venomous loris» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun bear, long tongue, loose skin, skin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris.lesson:8 # text = The sun bear is the smallest bear and has a very long tongue for licking honey and insects; its loose skin lets it twist round and bite a predator that grabs it from behind. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 sun sun NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 bear bear NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 smallest small ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 7 amod _ _ 7 bear bear NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 11 very very ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 tongue tongue NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 14 for for SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 15 licking lick VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 13 acl _ _ 16 honey honey NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 conj _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 21 loose loose ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 lets let VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 twist twist VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 xcomp _ _ 26 round round ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 bite bite VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 conj _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 predator predator NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 31 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 32 nsubj _ _ 32 grabs grab VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 acl:relcl _ _ 33 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ _ 34 from from ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 behind behind ADV RB _ 32 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the sun bear | the smallest bear | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **have** | present | the sun bear *not said here* | a long tongue | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tongue=Patient | | 3 | **lick** | gerund | a long tongue *not said here* | honey and insects | | | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent honey=Theme | | 4 | **let** | present | bear's loose skin | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **twist** | infinitive | skin | | | | | round *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **bite** | infinitive | skin *not said here* | a predator | | | | | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent predator=Patient | | 7 | **grab** | present | a predator | predator | | | | | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent it=Theme from behind=Source | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris/7/) - next →: [Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris/)