--- title: Until about one or two thousand years ago Madagascar had giant lemur… — Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa · tree and pragmatics description: Until about one or two thousand years ago Madagascar had giant lemurs as big as gorillas, and elephant birds, the heaviest birds ever, with eggs bigger than a rugby ball. Who acts: Madagascar. A sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and t…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa/) / 12 # Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa, sentence 12 Until about one or two thousand years ago Madagascar had giant lemurs as big as gorillas, and elephant birds, the heaviest birds ever, with eggs bigger than a rugby ball. **Who acts:** Madagascar · **What happens:** have · **To what, where:** giant lemurs This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Madagascar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa.lesson:12 # text = Until about one or two thousand years ago Madagascar had giant lemurs as big as gorillas, and elephant birds, the heaviest birds ever, with eggs bigger than a rugby ball. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Until until ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 2 about about ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 7 nummod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:nummod 4 or or CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 3 conj _ _ 6 thousand thousand NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 7 nummod _ _ 7 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 8 ago ago ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 9 Madagascar Madagascar PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 10 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 11 giant giant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 lemurs lemur NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 13 as as ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:acl 15 as as ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 gorillas gorilla NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 conj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 23 heaviest heavy ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 24 amod _ _ 24 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 conj _ _ 25 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 24 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:advmod 26 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 with with SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 28 eggs egg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 29 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 24 acl _ _ 30 than than ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 rugby rugby NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 ball ball NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | Madagascar | giant lemurs and elephant birds and the heaviest birds | | | year | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lemur=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and t…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa/11/) - next →: [Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and t…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa/)