---
title: Sifakas are leaping lemurs that hop sideways on two legs across open… — Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa · tree and pragmatics
description: Sifakas are leaping lemurs that hop sideways on two legs across open ground and can leap about ten metres from tree to tree. Who acts: Sifakas, lemurs. A sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree an
---

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# Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa, sentence 7

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Sifakas are leaping lemurs that hop sideways on two legs across open ground and can leap about ten metres from tree to tree.

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**Who acts:** Sifakas, lemurs · **What happens:** leap, hop · **To what, where:** lemurs, two legs, ten metres, tree

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sifakas, lemurs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa.lesson:7
# text = Sifakas are leaping lemurs that hop sideways on two legs across open ground and can leap about ten metres from tree to tree.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Sifakas	sifaka	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	leaping	leap	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	lemurs	lemur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	hop	hop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	sideways	sideways	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=6:advmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:RB:_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	across	across	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	leap	leap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
17	about	about	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_
18	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leap** | present · progressive | Sifakas | lemurs |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lemur=Trajectory |
| 2 | **hop** | present | lemurs |  |  | two legs |  | across open ground; sideways *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on leg=Trajectory |
| 3 | **leap** | can | lemurs *not said here* | ten metres |  | tree to tree |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from tree=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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