--- title: Madagascar hissing cockroaches hiss by pushing air out of breathing… — Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenr… · tree and pragmatics description: Madagascar hissing cockroaches hiss by pushing air out of breathing holes on their sides, not by rubbing body parts as most noisy insects do; like all insects, they have six legs. Who acts: Madagascar hissing cockroaches, insects. A sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/) / 13 # Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted, sentence 13 Madagascar hissing cockroaches hiss by pushing air out of breathing holes on their sides, not by rubbing body parts as most noisy insects do; like all insects, they have six legs. **Who acts:** Madagascar hissing cockroaches, insects · **What happens:** hiss, push, breathe, not rub, have · **To what, where:** air, breathing holes, body parts, six legs This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Madagascar hissing cockroaches, insects), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson:13 # text = Madagascar hissing cockroaches hiss by pushing air out of breathing holes on their sides, not by rubbing body parts as most noisy insects do; like all insects, they have six legs. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Madagascar Madagascar PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:compound 2 hissing hiss VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 amod _ _ 3 cockroaches cockroach NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 hiss hiss VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 by by SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 6 pushing push VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 7 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 8 out out ADP IN _ 11 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 9 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 breathing breathe VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 amod _ _ 11 holes hole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 12 on on ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 sides side NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 18 advmod _ _ 17 by by SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 18 rubbing rub VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 conj _ _ 19 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 parts part NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 21 as as SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 22 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 24 amod _ _ 23 noisy noisy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 advcl _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 27 like like ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 29 det _ _ 29 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 31 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 33 six six NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 34 nummod _ _ 34 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hiss** | gerund | | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **hiss** | present | Madagascar hissing cockroaches | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **push** | gerund | Madagascar hissing cockroaches *not said here* | air | | breathing holes on cockroaches's sides | | | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent air=Theme out hole=Trajectory | | 4 | **breathe** | gerund | | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **not** **rub** | gerund | Madagascar hissing cockroaches *not said here* | body parts | | | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent part=Theme | | 6 | **have** | present | insects *= insect* | six legs | | | | like all insects | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/11/) - next →: [Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/)