--- title: Darwin predicted a moth with a tongue about thirty centimetres long… — Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenr… · tree and pragmatics description: Darwin predicted a moth with a tongue about thirty centimetres long from the shape of the star orchid; the moth was found in 1903, after his death, and named with the word praedicta, meaning predicted. Who acts: Darwin. A sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, b --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/) / 15 # Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted, sentence 15 Darwin predicted a moth with a tongue about thirty centimetres long from the shape of the star orchid; the moth was found in 1903, after his death, and named with the word praedicta, meaning predicted. **Who acts:** Darwin · **What happens:** predict, find, name, mean, die · **To what, where:** moth, 1903, word This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Darwin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson:15 # text = Darwin predicted a moth with a tongue about thirty centimetres long from the shape of the star orchid; the moth was found in 1903, after his death, and named with the word praedicta, meaning predicted. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Darwin Darwin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 predicted predict VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 moth moth NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 with with ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 tongue tongue NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 8 about about ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 thirty thirty NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 centimetres centimetre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 11 long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 14 advmod _ _ 12 from from ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 shape shape NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 star star NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 orchid orchid NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 moth moth NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj:pass _ _ 22 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux:pass _ _ 23 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 24 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 1903 1903 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 23 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 27 after after ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 death death NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:nmod 30 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 named name VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 23 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj 33 with with ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=36:det 35 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=36:compound 36 praedicta praedicta NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=32:obl 37 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 38 meaning mean VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 32 advcl _ _ 39 predicted predict VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 38 xcomp _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **predict** | past | Darwin | a moth | | | | with a tongue; about thirty centimetres from the shape of the star orchid | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot moth=Topic | | 2 | **find** | past · passive | | the moth | | 1903 | after Darwin's death | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | | 3 | **name** | participle | | the word | | | | | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **mean** | gerund | | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **predict** *not said to happen* | participle | | | | | | | vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot | | 6 | **die** | | Darwin | | | | | | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/14/) - next →: [The Australian outback: red kangaroos,…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/)