--- title: In 1862 Charles Darwin looked at an orchid whose nectar sat at the b… — Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenr… · tree and pragmatics description: In 1862 Charles Darwin looked at an orchid whose nectar sat at the bottom of a tube about thirty centimetres long and said a moth with a tongue that long must exist; it was found after his death, and it was named praedicta, meaning predicted. Who acts: Charles, nectar, moth, tongue. A sentence of th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/) / 3 # Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted, sentence 3 In 1862 Charles Darwin looked at an orchid whose nectar sat at the bottom of a tube about thirty centimetres long and said a moth with a tongue that long must exist; it was found after his death, and it was named praedicta, meaning predicted. **Who acts:** Charles, nectar, moth, tongue · **What happens:** look, sit, say, exist, find, name · **To what, where:** bottom, moth · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charles, nectar, moth, tongue), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson:3 # text = In 1862 Charles Darwin looked at an orchid whose nectar sat at the bottom of a tube about thirty centimetres long and said a moth with a tongue that long must exist; it was found after his death, and it was named praedicta, meaning predicted. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1862 1862 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 obl _ _ 3 Charles Charles PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 Darwin Darwin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 flat _ _ 5 looked look VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 at at ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 orchid orchid NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 9 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 nectar nectar NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 sat sit VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 acl:relcl _ _ 12 at at ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 bottom bottom NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 tube tube NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 18 about about ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 thirty thirty NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 20 nummod _ _ 20 centimetres centimetre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl:unmarked _ _ 21 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 moth moth NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 26 with with ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 tongue tongue NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 29 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 32 nsubj _ _ 30 long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 32 advmod _ _ 31 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 32 aux _ _ 32 exist exist VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 acl:relcl _ _ 33 ; ; PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj:pass _ _ 35 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux:pass _ _ 36 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=23:conj 37 after after ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ _ 39 death death NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 42 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj:pass _ _ 43 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 aux:pass _ _ 44 named name VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 36 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:conj 45 praedicta praedicta NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 xcomp _ _ 46 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 47 meaning mean VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 44 advcl _ _ 48 predicted predict VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 47 xcomp _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **look** | past | Charles | | | | | at a orchid; in 1862 | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in 1862=Theme | | 2 | **sit** | past | nectar | | | the bottom of a tube | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at bottom=Location | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a moth with a tongue | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **exist** | must | a tongue | | | | | long *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **find** | past · passive | | moth | | | after Charles's death | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | | 6 | **name** | past · passive | | moth | | | | | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 7 | **mean** | gerund | | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **predict** *not said to happen* | participle | | | | | | | vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot | | 9 | **die** | | Charles | | | | | | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/2/) - next →: [Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/)