--- title: Brookesia nana, described in 2021, is one of the smallest reptiles k… — Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenr… · tree and pragmatics description: Brookesia nana, described in 2021, is one of the smallest reptiles known, small enough to sit on a fingertip, and was found by scientists searching leaves with torches at night. Who acts: scientists. A sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Da --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/) / 6 # Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted, sentence 6 Brookesia nana, described in 2021, is one of the smallest reptiles known, small enough to sit on a fingertip, and was found by scientists searching leaves with torches at night. **Who acts:** scientists · **What happens:** describe, be, know, sit, find, search · **To what, where:** Brookesia nana, 2021, one, smallest reptiles, fingertip, leaves This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson:6 # text = Brookesia nana, described in 2021, is one of the smallest reptiles known, small enough to sit on a fingertip, and was found by scientists searching leaves with torches at night. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Brookesia Brookesia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 nana nana NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 4 described describe VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 2021 2021 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 4 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 9 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 2 appos _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 smallest small ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 13 amod _ _ 13 reptiles reptile NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ _ 14 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 acl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 16 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 17 enough enough ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 to to PART TO _ 19 mark _ _ 19 sit sit VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 advcl _ _ 20 on on ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 fingertip fingertip NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux:pass _ _ 26 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ _ 27 by by ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 29 searching search VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 28 acl _ _ 30 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 31 with with ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 torches torch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obl _ _ 33 at at ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **describe** | participle | | Brookesia nana *not said here* | | 2021 | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is a** | present | | one | | | | of the smallest reptiles | tree rules | | 3 | **know** | participle | | the smallest reptiles *not said here* | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **sit** | to-infinitive | | | | a fingertip | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on fingertip=Location | | 5 | **find** | past · passive | scientists | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **search** | gerund | scientists *not said here* | leaves | | | night | with torches | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent leaf=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/5/) - next →: [Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/)