--- title: Cane toads were brought to Australia in 1935 to eat beetles in sugar… — The Australian outback: red kangaroos, emus, tho… · tree and pragmatics description: Cane toads were brought to Australia in 1935 to eat beetles in sugar cane, but they spread across much of northern Australia, and animals like quolls die when they eat these poisonous toads. Who acts: toads, animals. A sentence of the lesson «The Australian outback: red kangaroos, emus, thorny devil --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Australian outback: red kangaroos,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads/) / 15 # The Australian outback: red kangaroos, emus, thorny devils and runaway camels and toads, sentence 15 Cane toads were brought to Australia in 1935 to eat beetles in sugar cane, but they spread across much of northern Australia, and animals like quolls die when they eat these poisonous toads. **Who acts:** toads, animals · **What happens:** bring, eat, spread, die · **To what, where:** Cane toads, Australia, 1935, beetles, sugar cane, much This is a sentence of the lesson «The Australian outback: red kangaroos, emus, thorny devils and runaway camels and toads» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (toads, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads.lesson:15 # text = Cane toads were brought to Australia in 1935 to eat beetles in sugar cane, but they spread across much of northern Australia, and animals like quolls die when they eat these poisonous toads. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Cane cane NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 toads toad NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 to to ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Australia Australia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 1935 1935 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 4 obl _ _ 9 to to PART TO _ 10 mark _ _ 10 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ _ 11 beetles beetle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 sugar sugar NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 14 cane cane NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 but but CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 17 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 19 across across ADP IN _ 20 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 20 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:obj 21 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 northern northern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 Australia Australia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:obl 24 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 26 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 27 like like ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 quolls quoll NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nmod _ _ 29 die die VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 30 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 32 advmod _ _ 31 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 advcl _ _ 33 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 35 det _ _ 34 poisonous poisonous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 toads toad NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **bring** | past · passive | | Cane toads | Australia | 1935 | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to australia=Destination | | 2 | **eat** | to-infinitive | | beetles | | sugar cane | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beetle=Patient | | 3 | **spread** | past | toads *= toad* | | | much of northern Australia | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across much=Destination | | 4 | **die** | present | animals like quolls | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 5 | **eat** | present | animals *= animal* | this poisonous toads | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toad=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Australian outback: red kangaroos,…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads/14/) - next →: [The Australian outback: red kangaroos,…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads/)