--- title: Permafrost is ground that stays frozen all year; in summer only a th… — The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snow… · tree and pragmatics description: Permafrost is ground that stays frozen all year; in summer only a thin top layer thaws into mud, and scientists have found frozen woolly mammoths and ancient seeds in it. Who acts: Permafrost, ground, thin top layer, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, s --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic f…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/) / 13 # The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings, sentence 13 Permafrost is ground that stays frozen all year; in summer only a thin top layer thaws into mud, and scientists have found frozen woolly mammoths and ancient seeds in it. **Who acts:** Permafrost, ground, thin top layer, scientists · **What happens:** be, stay, freeze, thaw, find · **To what, where:** ground, mud, frozen woolly mammoths, layer This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Permafrost, ground, thin top layer, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings.lesson:13 # text = Permafrost is ground that stays frozen all year; in summer only a thin top layer thaws into mud, and scientists have found frozen woolly mammoths and ancient seeds in it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Permafrost permafrost NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:compound 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 5 nsubj _ _ 5 stays stay VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 6 frozen freeze VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 xcomp _ _ 7 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 8 det _ _ 8 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:obl:unmarked 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 summer summer NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:obl:unmarked 12 only only ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:advmod 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:det 14 thin thin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:amod 15 top top NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 layer layer NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:compound 17 thaws thaw VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 18 into into ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 23 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 24 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 17 conj _ _ 25 frozen freeze VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 amod _ _ 26 woolly woolly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 mammoths mammoth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 ancient ancient ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 seeds seed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 conj _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Permafrost | ground | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **stay** | present | ground | | | | year | | tree rules | | 3 | **freeze** | participle | ground *not said here* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **thaw** | present | a thin top layer | | | mud | summer | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **find** | present · perfect | scientists | frozen woolly mammoths and ancient seeds | | layer | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mammoth=Topic | | 6 | **freeze** | participle | | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic f…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/12/) - next →: [The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic f…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/)