--- title: Ptarmigans are birds that turn white in winter and brown in summer,… — The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snow… · tree and pragmatics description: Ptarmigans are birds that turn white in winter and brown in summer, and they dig snow caves to sleep in because snow keeps the warmth in. Who acts: Ptarmigans, birds, snow. A sentence of the lesson «The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings» of the biology c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic f…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/) / 15 # The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings, sentence 15 Ptarmigans are birds that turn white in winter and brown in summer, and they dig snow caves to sleep in because snow keeps the warmth in. **Who acts:** Ptarmigans, birds, snow · **What happens:** be, turn, dig, sleep in, keep in · **To what, where:** birds, snow caves, warmth This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ptarmigans, birds, snow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings.lesson:15 # text = Ptarmigans are birds that turn white in winter and brown in summer, and they dig snow caves to sleep in because snow keeps the warmth in. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Ptarmigans ptarmigan PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 5 nsubj _ _ 5 turn turn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 6 white white ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 xcomp _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 brown brown ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:conj 11 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 summer summer NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 dig dig VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:parataxis 17 snow snow NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 caves cave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 sleep sleep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:acl 21 in in ADP IN _ 20 obl _ _ 22 because because SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 23 snow snow NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 keeps keep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 advcl _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 warmth warmth NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 27 in in ADP RP _ 24 compound:prt _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Ptarmigans | birds | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **turn** | present | birds | | | | winter | white *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **dig** | present | birds *= bird* | snow caves | | | | | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent cave=Theme | | 4 | **sleep in** | to-infinitive | birds *= bird* *not said here* | | | | | | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **keep in** | present | snow | the warmth | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warmth=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic f…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/14/) - next →: [The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic f…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/)