--- title: Lemmings do not jump off cliffs on purpose to die; their numbers ris… — The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snow… · tree and pragmatics description: Lemmings do not jump off cliffs on purpose to die; their numbers rise and fall in cycles, and when crowded they spread out and some drown crossing water. Who acts: Lemmings, numbers. A sentence of the lesson «The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic f…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/) / 7 # The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings, sentence 7 Lemmings do not jump off cliffs on purpose to die; their numbers rise and fall in cycles, and when crowded they spread out and some drown crossing water. **Who acts:** Lemmings, numbers · **What happens:** not jump off, die, rise, fall, spread out, cross · **To what, where:** cliffs, purpose, cycles This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lemmings, numbers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings.lesson:7 # text = Lemmings do not jump off cliffs on purpose to die; their numbers rise and fall in cycles, and when crowded they spread out and some drown crossing water. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Lemmings lemming NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 4 jump jump VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 off off ADP RP _ 4 compound:prt _ _ 6 cliffs cliff NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 on on ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 purpose purpose NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:nmod 9 to to PART TO _ 10 mark _ _ 10 die die VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:acl 11 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 numbers number NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 14 rise rise VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:advcl 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 fall fall VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 cycles cycle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 22 advmod _ _ 22 crowded crowded ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 23 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 ccomp _ _ 25 out out ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 27 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 30 det _ _ 28 drown drown ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 29 crossing cross VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 30 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=30:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 30 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **jump off** | present · do-support | Lemmings | cliffs | | purpose | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent cliff=Theme on purpose=Trajectory | | 2 | **die** | to-infinitive | Lemmings *not said here* | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 3 | **rise** | present | lemmings's numbers | | | cycles | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cycle=Location | | 4 | **fall** | present | lemmings's numbers *not said here* | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **spread out** | past | numbers *= number* | | | | | out *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **cross** | gerund | | | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic f…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/6/) - next →: [The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic f…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/)