--- title: Ringed seals dig snow caves on the ice to hide their pups and keep b… — The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-ye… · tree and pragmatics description: Ringed seals dig snow caves on the ice to hide their pups and keep breathing holes open by scratching the ice with strong claws. Who acts: Ringed seals, holes. A sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth» of the biology course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/) / 11 # The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth, sentence 11 Ringed seals dig snow caves on the ice to hide their pups and keep breathing holes open by scratching the ice with strong claws. **Who acts:** Ringed seals, holes · **What happens:** dig, hide, keep, breathe, scratch · **To what, where:** snow caves, ice, pups, holes This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ringed seals, holes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:11 # text = Ringed seals dig snow caves on the ice to hide their pups and keep breathing holes open by scratching the ice with strong claws. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×3 1 Ringed ringed ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 seals seal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 dig dig VERB VBP Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 snow snow NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 caves cave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 on on ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:nmod 9 to to PART TO _ 10 mark _ _ 10 hide hide VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:acl 11 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 pups pup NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=10:cc 14 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 conj _ _ 15 breathing breathe VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 14 xcomp _ _ 16 holes hole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:obj 17 open open ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 xcomp _ _ 18 by by SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 19 scratching scratch VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 17 advcl _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 22 with with ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 claws claw NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **dig** | present | Ringed seals | snow caves | | the ice | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cave=Theme on ice=Location | | 2 | **hide** | to-infinitive | Ringed seals *not said here* | seals's pups | | | | | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pup=Patient | | 3 | **keep** | infinitive | Ringed seals *not said here* | holes | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **breathe** | gerund | holes *not said here* | | | | | open *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **scratch** | gerund | holes *not said here* | the ice | | | | with strong claws | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ice=Patient with claw=Instrument | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads,…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/10/) - next →: [The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads,…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/)