--- title: Arctic sea ice is shrinking because the world is getting warmer, and… — The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-ye… · tree and pragmatics description: Arctic sea ice is shrinking because the world is getting warmer, and some polar bears now have to swim much longer distances, sometimes for days. Who acts: Arctic sea ice, world, polar bears. A sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/) / 12 # The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth, sentence 12 Arctic sea ice is shrinking because the world is getting warmer, and some polar bears now have to swim much longer distances, sometimes for days. **Who acts:** Arctic sea ice, world, polar bears · **What happens:** shrink, get, have, swim · **To what, where:** longer distances This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arctic sea ice, world, polar bears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:12 # text = Arctic sea ice is shrinking because the world is getting warmer, and some polar bears now have to swim much longer distances, sometimes for days. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Arctic arctic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 2 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 5 shrinking shrink VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 6 because because SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 10 getting get VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 advcl _ _ 11 warmer warm ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 10 xcomp _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 14 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 16 det _ _ 15 polar polar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 bears bear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 17 now now ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 swim swim VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 xcomp _ _ 21 much much ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 longer long ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 23 amod _ _ 23 distances distance NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 sometimes sometimes ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 26 for for ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **shrink** | present · progressive | Arctic sea ice | | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **get** | present · progressive | the world | | | | | warm *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **have** | present | some polar bears | | | | now | | tree rules | | 4 | **swim** | to-infinitive | some polar bears *not said here* | longer distances | | | day | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme distance=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads,…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/11/) - next →: [The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads,…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/)