--- title: Under the ice swim some of the oldest animals on Earth: bowhead whal… — The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-ye… · tree and pragmatics description: Under the ice swim some of the oldest animals on Earth: bowhead whales that may live over two hundred years and Greenland sharks that may live about four hundred, so a shark alive today could have been born before your great-great-great-great-grandparents. Who acts: bowhead whales, Greenland sharks. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/) / 2 # The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth, sentence 2 Under the ice swim some of the oldest animals on Earth: bowhead whales that may live over two hundred years and Greenland sharks that may live about four hundred, so a shark alive today could have been born before your great-great-great-great-grandparents. **Who acts:** bowhead whales, Greenland sharks · **What happens:** swim, live, bear · **To what, where:** some, ice, four hundred, shark This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bowhead whales, Greenland sharks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:2 # text = Under the ice swim some of the oldest animals on Earth: bowhead whales that may live over two hundred years and Greenland sharks that may live about four hundred, so a shark alive today could have been born before your great-great-great-great-grandparents. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4 1 Under under ADP IN _ 3 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:mark 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 4 swim swim VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 4 obj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 oldest old ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 9 amod _ _ 9 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 10 on on ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 12 : : PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 13 bowhead bowhead NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 14 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:appos 15 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 17 nsubj _ _ 16 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 live live VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 acl:relcl _ _ 18 over over ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 20 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:nummod 20 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 21 nummod _ _ 21 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 Greenland Greenland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 compound _ _ 24 sharks shark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 25 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 27 nsubj _ _ 26 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 27 live live VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 acl:relcl _ _ 28 about about ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 30 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=30:nummod 30 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 27 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:obl 31 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 32 so so ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 shark shark NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nsubj:pass _ _ 35 alive alive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 36 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=40:obl:unmarked 37 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 40 aux _ _ 38 have have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 40 aux _ _ 39 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 40 aux:pass _ _ 40 born bear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 parataxis _ _ 41 before before ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 42 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 51 nmod:poss _ _ 43 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 51 amod _ _ 44 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 43 punct _ _ 45 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 51 amod _ _ 46 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 45 punct _ _ 47 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 51 amod _ _ 48 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 49 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=47:punct 49 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 51 amod _ _ 50 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 49 punct _ _ 51 grandparents grandparent NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obl _ _ 52 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **swim** | present | | some | | the ice | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme some=Trajectory | | 2 | **live** | may | bowhead whales and Greenland sharks | | | | year | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **live** | may | Greenland sharks | four hundred | | | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme hundred=Location | | 4 | **bear** | could · perfect · passive | | a shark | | | before your great great great great grandparents | | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads,…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/1/) - next →: [The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads,…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/)