--- title: Long ago traders sold narwhal tusks in Europe as unicorn horns; the… — The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-ye… · tree and pragmatics description: Long ago traders sold narwhal tusks in Europe as unicorn horns; the tusk is really a long spiral tooth, and as the world warms the sea ice is shrinking, making life harder for polar bears and seals. Who acts: traders, tusk, world, sea ice. A sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowhea --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/) / 3 # The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth, sentence 3 Long ago traders sold narwhal tusks in Europe as unicorn horns; the tusk is really a long spiral tooth, and as the world warms the sea ice is shrinking, making life harder for polar bears and seals. **Who acts:** traders, tusk, world, sea ice · **What happens:** sell, be, warm, shrink, make · **To what, where:** narwhal tusks, Europe, long spiral tooth, life This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (traders, tusk, world, sea ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:3 # text = Long ago traders sold narwhal tusks in Europe as unicorn horns; the tusk is really a long spiral tooth, and as the world warms the sea ice is shrinking, making life harder for polar bears and seals. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 2 advmod _ _ 2 ago ago ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 3 traders trader NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 sold sell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 narwhal narwhal NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 tusks tusk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 9 as as ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 unicorn unicorn NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 horns horn NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:nmod 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=4:punct 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 tusk tusk NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 16 really really ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 18 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 19 spiral spiral ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 tooth tooth NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 21 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=20:punct 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 23 as as SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:obl 26 warms warm VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 advcl _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 30 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 shrinking shrink VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 20 conj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 33 making make VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 31 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:conj 34 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 35 harder hard ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 33 xcomp _ _ 36 for for ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 polar polar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 bears bear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 40 seals seal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 conj _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sell** | past | traders | narwhal tusks | | Europe | | as unicorn horns; ago *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tusk=Theme | | 2 | **is a** | present | the tusk | a long spiral tooth | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **warm** | present | the world | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **shrink** | present · progressive | the sea ice | | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **make** | gerund | the sea ice *not said here* | life | | | | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset life=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads,…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/2/) - next →: [The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads,…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/)