--- title: The Greenland shark is the longest-lived animal with a backbone know… — The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-ye… · tree and pragmatics description: The Greenland shark is the longest-lived animal with a backbone known, perhaps living about four hundred years, and scientists measured its age using a kind of carbon clock in the lens of its eye. Who acts: Greenland shark, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/) / 7 # The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth, sentence 7 The Greenland shark is the longest-lived animal with a backbone known, perhaps living about four hundred years, and scientists measured its age using a kind of carbon clock in the lens of its eye. **Who acts:** Greenland shark, scientists · **What happens:** live, be, know, measure, use · **To what, where:** lived animal, backbone, age, kind, lens This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Greenland shark, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:7 # text = The Greenland shark is the longest-lived animal with a backbone known, perhaps living about four hundred years, and scientists measured its age using a kind of carbon clock in the lens of its eye. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Greenland Greenland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 shark shark NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 6 longest long ADV RBS Degree=Sup 8 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJS:Degree=Sup 7 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 6 punct _ _ 8 lived live VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 9 amod _ _ 9 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 10 with with ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 backbone backbone NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 acl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 perhaps perhaps ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 living live VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 13 xcomp _ _ 17 about about ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 18 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 20 nummod _ _ 19 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 18 flat _ _ 20 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl:unmarked _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 24 measured measure VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 25 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 age age NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 27 using use VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 24 advcl _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 kind kind NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 carbon carbon NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 clock clock NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 lens lens NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 eye eye NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nmod _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **live** | participle | | | | | | long *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is a** | present | the Greenland shark | the lived animal | | | | with a backbone | tree rules | | 3 | **know** | participle | | a backbone *not said here* | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 4 | **live** | gerund | | | | | year | perhaps *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **measure** | past | scientists | backbone's age | | | | | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme age=Value | | 6 | **use** | gerund | scientists *not said here* | a kind of carbon clock | | the lens of lens's eye | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads,…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/6/) - next →: [The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads,…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/)