--- title: Humans did not come from chimps; chimps and humans are both great ap… — How close are apes to us? · tree and pragmatics description: Humans did not come from chimps; chimps and humans are both great apes that changed in different ways from one shared ancestor about 6 to 7 million years ago, like two cousins with the same great-great-grandparents. Who acts: Humans, chimps, great apes. A sentence of the lesson «How close are apes t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How close are apes to us?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/) / 1 # How close are apes to us?, sentence 1 Humans did not come from chimps; chimps and humans are both great apes that changed in different ways from one shared ancestor about 6 to 7 million years ago, like two cousins with the same great-great-grandparents. **Who acts:** Humans, chimps, great apes · **What happens:** not come, be, change, share · **To what, where:** chimps, great apes, different ways This is a sentence of the lesson «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Humans, chimps, great apes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson:1 # text = Humans did not come from chimps; chimps and humans are both great apes that changed in different ways from one shared ancestor about 6 to 7 million years ago, like two cousins with the same great-great-grandparents. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Humans human NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 4 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 chimps chimp NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 7 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=4:punct 8 chimps chimp NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 humans human NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 11 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 12 both both ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 13 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 apes ape NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 15 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 16 nsubj _ _ 16 changed change VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 acl:relcl _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 ways way NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 20 from from ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 21 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 23 nummod _ _ 22 shared share VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 amod _ _ 23 ancestor ancestor NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 24 about about ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 6 6 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 29 nummod _ _ 26 to to ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 7 7 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 nmod _ _ 28 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 25 nmod:unmarked _ _ 29 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:obl:unmarked 30 ago ago ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:advmod 31 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 like like ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 34 nummod _ _ 34 cousins cousin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 35 with with ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 37 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 38 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 39 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 38 punct _ _ 40 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 41 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 40 punct _ _ 42 grandparents grandparent NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nmod _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **come** | past · do-support | Humans | | | chimps | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from chimp=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **is a** | present | chimps and humans | great apes | | | | both *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **change** | past | great apes | | | different ways | | from one shared ancestor; like two cousins with the same great great grandparents; ago *property* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.material PP.result»: agent=Agent from ancestor=Initial\_State | | 4 | **share** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How close are apes to us?, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/0/) - next →: [How close are apes to us?, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/)