--- title: Humans are the only apes that walk upright all the time, with an S-s… — How close are apes to us? · tree and pragmatics description: Humans are the only apes that walk upright all the time, with an S-shaped spine, wide hips and arched feet; footprints at Laetoli in Tanzania show human relatives walking upright about 3.7 million years ago. Who acts: Humans, only apes, footprints. A sentence of the lesson «How close are apes to us? --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How close are apes to us?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/) / 11 # How close are apes to us?, sentence 11 Humans are the only apes that walk upright all the time, with an S-shaped spine, wide hips and arched feet; footprints at Laetoli in Tanzania show human relatives walking upright about 3.7 million years ago. **Who acts:** Humans, only apes, footprints · **What happens:** be, walk, arch, show · **To what, where:** only apes, human relatives · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Humans, only apes, footprints), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson:11 # text = Humans are the only apes that walk upright all the time, with an S-shaped spine, wide hips and arched feet; footprints at Laetoli in Tanzania show human relatives walking upright about 3.7 million years ago. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Humans human NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 only only ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 apes ape NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 7 walk walk VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 8 upright upright ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 9 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 11 det:predet _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl:unmarked _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 13 with with ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 14 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 15 S S PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 16 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 15 punct _ _ 17 shaped shaped ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 spine spine NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 wide wide ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 hips hip NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 arched arch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=24:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 24 feet foot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=21:conj 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 footprints footprint NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 27 at at ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 Laetoli Laetoli PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 Tanzania Tanzania PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 31 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 32 human human ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 relatives relative NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 34 walking walk VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 31 ccomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=33:acl 35 upright upright ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=34:xcomp|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 36 about about ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=37:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 37 3.7 3.7 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Frac 38 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:obl 38 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 39 nummod _ _ 39 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obl:unmarked _ _ 40 ago ago ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=37:advmod 41 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Humans | the only apes | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **walk** | present | the only apes | | | | time | with a S shaped spine and wide hips and arched feet; upright *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **arch** | participle | | | | | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **show** | present | footprints at Laetoli in Tanzania | human relatives | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent relative=Recipient clause=Topic | | 5 | **walk** | gerund | | | | | | ago, upright *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How close are apes to us?, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/10/) - next →: [How close are apes to us?, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/)