--- title: Chimp groups have their own traditions, like nut cracking in West Af… — How close are apes to us? · tree and pragmatics description: Chimp groups have their own traditions, like nut cracking in West Africa but not in East Africa, passed on by copying; scientists call this culture. Who acts: Chimp groups, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its depend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How close are apes to us?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/) / 16 # How close are apes to us?, sentence 16 Chimp groups have their own traditions, like nut cracking in West Africa but not in East Africa, passed on by copying; scientists call this culture. **Who acts:** Chimp groups, scientists · **What happens:** have, pass on, copy, call · **To what, where:** own traditions, culture · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chimp groups, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson:16 # text = Chimp groups have their own traditions, like nut cracking in West Africa but not in East Africa, passed on by copying; scientists call this culture. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Chimp chimp NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 groups group NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 5 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 traditions tradition NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 like like ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 nut nut NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 cracking crack NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 West West PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 14 but but CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 15 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 18 advmod _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 East East PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 advcl _ _ 21 on on ADP RP _ 20 compound:prt _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=20:compound:prt|HaikuPos=PART:RP:_ 22 by by SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 23 copying copy VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 20 advcl _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 26 call call VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 27 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 28 det _ _ 28 culture culture NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Chimp groups | groups's own traditions | | | | like nut cracking in West Africa but East Africa | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tradition=Patient | | 2 | **pass on** | participle | Chimp groups *not said here* | | | | | | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **copy** | gerund | Chimp groups *not said here* | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **call** | present | scientists | this culture | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent culture=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How close are apes to us?, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/15/) - next →: [How close are apes to us?, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/)