--- title: Chimps have hands like ours, with fingernails and a thumb that can t… — How close are apes to us? · tree and pragmatics description: Chimps have hands like ours, with fingernails and a thumb that can touch the fingers, and their big toe can grasp too; a chimp's thumb is shorter, so we are better at fine work like writing. Who acts: Chimps, thumb, big toe, we. A sentence of the lesson «How close are apes to us?» of the biology cou --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How close are apes to us?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/) / 5 # How close are apes to us?, sentence 5 Chimps have hands like ours, with fingernails and a thumb that can touch the fingers, and their big toe can grasp too; a chimp's thumb is shorter, so we are better at fine work like writing. **Who acts:** Chimps, thumb, big toe, we · **What happens:** have, touch, grasp, be · **To what, where:** hands, fingers, fine work This is a sentence of the lesson «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chimps, thumb, big toe, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson:5 # text = Chimps have hands like ours, with fingernails and a thumb that can touch the fingers, and their big toe can grasp too; a chimp's thumb is shorter, so we are better at fine work like writing. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3 1 Chimps chimp NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 like like ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 ours our PRON PRP Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 3 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:obl 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 with with ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 fingernails fingernail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:obl 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 thumb thumb NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 12 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 14 nsubj _ _ 13 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 14 touch touch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 acl:relcl _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 fingers finger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 19 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 20 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 toe toe NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 22 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 grasp grasp VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:conj 24 too too ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 chimp chimp NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod:poss _ _ 28 's 's PART POS _ 27 case _ _ 29 thumb thumb NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 30 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 31 shorter short ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 23 parataxis _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 33 so so ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 34 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ _ 35 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 36 better well ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 39 advmod _ _ 37 at at ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 fine fine ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 work work NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ _ 40 like like ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 writing writing NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nmod _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Chimps | hands | | | | like ours; with fingernails and a thumb | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient | | 2 | **touch** | can | a thumb | the fingers | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme finger=Co-Theme | | 3 | **grasp** | can | chimps's big toe | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **is** | present | a chimp's thumb | | | | | short *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **is** | present | we | | | fine work | | like writing; well *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How close are apes to us?, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/4/) - next →: [How close are apes to us?, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/)