--- title: DNA is the set of instructions for building a body that every cell c… — How close are apes to us? · tree and pragmatics description: DNA is the set of instructions for building a body that every cell carries; about 98 to 99 percent of the DNA that can be compared is the same in humans and chimps, because we split from a common ancestor about 6 to 7 million years ago; even a small difference in DNA can make a big difference in bod --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How close are apes to us?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/) / 6 # How close are apes to us?, sentence 6 DNA is the set of instructions for building a body that every cell carries; about 98 to 99 percent of the DNA that can be compared is the same in humans and chimps, because we split from a common ancestor about 6 to 7 million years ago; even a small difference in DNA can make a big difference in bodies and brains. **Who acts:** DNA, instructions, cell, 98 99 percent, we, small difference · **What happens:** be, build, carry, compare, split, make · **To what, where:** set, body, DNA, big difference, bodies This is a sentence of the lesson «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (DNA, instructions, cell, 98 99 percent), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson:6 # text = DNA is the set of instructions for building a body that every cell carries; about 98 to 99 percent of the DNA that can be compared is the same in humans and chimps, because we split from a common ancestor about 6 to 7 million years ago; even a small difference in DNA can make a big difference in bodies and brains. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 DNA DNA NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 set set NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 parataxis _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 instructions instruction NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _ 7 for for SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 8 building build VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 6 acl _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 14 obj _ _ 12 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 13 det _ _ 13 cell cell NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 carries carry VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 16 about about ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 98 98 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 20 nummod _ _ 18 to to ADP IN _ 19 case _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:case 19 99 99 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 20 nummod _ _ 20 percent percent NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 DNA DNA NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 24 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 27 nsubj:pass _ _ 25 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 26 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 27 aux:pass _ _ 27 compared compare VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 acl:relcl _ _ 28 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 humans human NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 chimps chimp NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 conj _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 36 because because SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 37 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 38 split split VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 advcl _ _ 39 from from ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 40 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 41 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 42 ancestor ancestor NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 43 about about ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 44 6 6 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 48 nummod _ _ 45 to to ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 7 7 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 44 nmod _ _ 47 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 48 nummod _ _ 48 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 49 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=38:obl:unmarked 49 ago ago ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=48:advmod 50 ; ; PUNCT : _ 58 punct _ _ 51 even even ADV RB _ 54 advmod _ _ 52 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 53 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 54 amod _ _ 54 difference difference NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 nsubj _ _ 55 in in ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 56 DNA DNA NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 nmod _ _ 57 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 58 aux _ _ 58 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 conj _ _ 59 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 61 det _ _ 60 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 61 amod _ _ 61 difference difference NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 obj _ _ 62 in in ADP IN _ 63 case _ _ 63 bodies body NOUN NNS Number=Plur 61 nmod _ _ 64 and and CCONJ CC _ 65 cc _ _ 65 brains brain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 63 conj _ _ 66 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=30:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | DNA | the set | | | | of instructions | tree rules | | 2 | **build** | gerund | instructions *not said here* | a body | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset body=Product | | 3 | **carry** | present | every cell | a body | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme | | 4 | **compare** | can · passive | | the DNA | | | | | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 5 | **is** | present | 98 99 percent of the DNA | | | | | in humans and chimps; same *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **split** | past | we | | | | | from a common ancestor; ago *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from ancestor=Co-Patient | | 7 | **make** | can | a small difference in DNA | a big difference | | bodies and brains | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset difference=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How close are apes to us?, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/5/) - next →: [How close are apes to us?, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/)