---
title: Whales are not fish but mammals: they breathe air and feed their bab… — The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colossal squid… · tree and pragmatics
description: Whales are not fish but mammals: they breathe air and feed their babies milk. Who acts: Whales, fish. A sentence of the lesson «The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colossal squid and life under the ice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colossal squid and life under the ice, sentence 5

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Whales are not fish but mammals: they breathe air and feed their babies milk.

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**Who acts:** Whales, fish · **What happens:** not be, breathe, feed · **To what, where:** fish, air, babies milk

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colossal squid and life under the ice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Whales, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice.lesson:5
# text = Whales are not fish but mammals: they breathe air and feed their babies milk.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	feed	feed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	compound	_	_
15	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | Whales | fish but mammals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **breathe** | present | fish | air |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 3 | **feed** | present | fish *not said here* | fish's babies milk |  |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent milk=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colos…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice/4/)
- next →: [The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colos…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice/6/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice/)