--- title: Humpback whales blow rings of bubbles around krill and fish to trap… — The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colossal squid… · tree and pragmatics description: Humpback whales blow rings of bubbles around krill and fish to trap them, and their songs change over the years as whales across an ocean learn the new songs. Who acts: Humpback whales, songs, whales, fish. A sentence of the lesson «The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colossal squid and life under the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colos…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice/) / 8 # The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colossal squid and life under the ice, sentence 8 Humpback whales blow rings of bubbles around krill and fish to trap them, and their songs change over the years as whales across an ocean learn the new songs. **Who acts:** Humpback whales, songs, whales, fish · **What happens:** blow, trap, change, learn, sing · **To what, where:** rings, krill, new songs This is a sentence of the lesson «The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colossal squid and life under the ice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Humpback whales, songs, whales, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice.lesson:8 # text = Humpback whales blow rings of bubbles around krill and fish to trap them, and their songs change over the years as whales across an ocean learn the new songs. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Humpback humpback ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 2 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 blow blow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 rings ring NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 bubbles bubble NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _ 7 around around ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 krill krill NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:nmod 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 11 to to PART TO _ 12 mark _ _ 12 trap trap VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl _ _ 13 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ _ 17 songs song NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 18 change change VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 19 over over ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 22 as as SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 23 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 24 across across ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 ocean ocean NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:obl 27 learn learn VERB VB Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 advcl _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 songs song NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **blow** | present | Humpback whales | rings of bubbles | | krill and fish | | | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent ring=Patient | | 2 | **trap** | to-infinitive | Humpback whales *not said here* | rings *= ring* | | | | | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 3 | **change** | present | fish's songs | | | | year | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **learn** | infinitive | whales across a ocean | the new songs | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Topic | | 5 | **sing** | | fish | | | | | | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colos…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice/6/) - next →: [The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colos…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice/)