--- title: Manta rays are huge rays with wings up to about seven metres across,… — Reef giants and wanderers: whale sharks, mantas,… · tree and pragmatics description: Manta rays are huge rays with wings up to about seven metres across, and they have the biggest brains for their body size of any fish. Who acts: Manta rays, rays. A sentence of the lesson «Reef giants and wanderers: whale sharks, mantas, dugongs and sea turtles» of the biology course of Mova's prima --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Reef giants and wanderers: whale shark…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles/) / 5 # Reef giants and wanderers: whale sharks, mantas, dugongs and sea turtles, sentence 5 Manta rays are huge rays with wings up to about seven metres across, and they have the biggest brains for their body size of any fish. **Who acts:** Manta rays, rays · **What happens:** be, have · **To what, where:** huge rays, biggest brains This is a sentence of the lesson «Reef giants and wanderers: whale sharks, mantas, dugongs and sea turtles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Manta rays, rays), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles.lesson:5 # text = Manta rays are huge rays with wings up to about seven metres across, and they have the biggest brains for their body size of any fish. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Manta manta NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 rays ray NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 rays ray NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 with with ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 8 up up ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 9 to to ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 about about ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 seven seven NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod _ _ 13 across across ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 16 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:parataxis 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 biggest big ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 20 amod _ _ 20 brains brain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 21 for for ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 22 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 23 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 compound _ _ 24 size size NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 27 det _ _ 27 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Manta rays | huge rays | | | | with wings up seven metres | tree rules | | 2 | **have** | present | rays *= ray* | the biggest brains | | | | for rays's body size of any fish | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brain=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Reef giants and wanderers: whale shark…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles/4/) - next →: [Reef giants and wanderers: whale shark…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles/)