--- title: Every night, when it is dark above, huge crowds of fish, shrimp and… — The twilight zone: barreleyes, lanternfish and t… · tree and pragmatics description: Every night, when it is dark above, huge crowds of fish, shrimp and squid swim up hundreds of metres to feed near the surface and sink back down at dawn, so many that ship sonar (which measures depth by sending sound down and timing the echo) once mistook them for the sea floor rising. Who acts: lig --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The twilight zone: barreleyes, lantern…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth/) / 2 # The twilight zone: barreleyes, lanternfish and the biggest daily journey on Earth, sentence 2 Every night, when it is dark above, huge crowds of fish, shrimp and squid swim up hundreds of metres to feed near the surface and sink back down at dawn, so many that ship sonar (which measures depth by sending sound down and timing the echo) once mistook them for the sea floor rising. **Who acts:** light, huge crowds, ship sonar · **What happens:** be, swim up, feed, sink back, measure, send down · **To what, where:** hundreds, many, surface, depth, sound, echo This is a sentence of the lesson «The twilight zone: barreleyes, lanternfish and the biggest daily journey on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (light, huge crowds, ship sonar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth.lesson:2 # text = Every night, when it is dark above, huge crowds of fish, shrimp and squid swim up hundreds of metres to feed near the surface and sink back down at dawn, so many that ship sonar (which measures depth by sending sound down and timing the echo) once mistook them for the sea floor rising. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Every every DET DT PronType=Tot 2 det _ _ 2 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl:unmarked _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 7 advmod _ _ 5 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 7 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 advcl _ _ 8 above above ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 crowds crowd NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=11:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 shrimp shrimp NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 squid squid NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 18 swim swim VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 19 up up PART RP _ 18 compound:prt _ _ 20 hundreds hundred NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nmod _ _ 23 to to PART TO _ 24 mark _ _ 24 feed feed VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 18 advcl _ _ 25 near near ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 surface surface NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 sink sink VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 conj _ _ 30 back back ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 31 down down ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 32 at at ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 dawn dawn NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 35 so so ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 36 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 obj _ _ 37 that that SCONJ IN _ 42 mark _ _ 38 ship ship NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 compound _ _ 39 sonar sonar NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ _ 40 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 42 punct _ _ 41 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 42 nsubj _ _ 42 measures measure VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 advcl _ _ 43 depth depth NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obj _ _ 44 by by SCONJ IN _ 45 mark _ _ 45 sending send VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 54 advcl _ _ 46 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obj _ _ 47 down down PART RP _ 45 compound:prt _ _ 48 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 49 timing time VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 45 conj _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 echo echo NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 obj _ _ 52 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 45 punct _ _ 53 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 54 advmod _ _ 54 mistook mistake VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 42 conj _ _ 55 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 54 obj _ _ 56 for for ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 57 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 59 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=60:det 58 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 59 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=60:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 59 floor floor NOUN NN Number=Sing 60 compound _ _ 60 rising rise VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 54 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=54:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 61 . . PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | light | | | | | above, dark *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **swim up** | present | huge crowds of fish and shrimp and squid | hundreds of metres | | | night | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme hundred=Trajectory | | 3 | **feed** | to-infinitive | huge crowds of fish and shrimp and squid *not said here* | many | | the surface | | | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Recipient | | 4 | **sink back** | infinitive | huge crowds of fish and shrimp and squid *not said here* | | | | dawn | down *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **measure** | present | ship sonar | depth | | | | | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme depth=Value | | 6 | **send down** | gerund | | sound | | | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Theme | | 7 | **time** | gerund | | the echo | | | | | vn register-54.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echo=Theme | | 8 | **mistake** | past | ship sonar *not said here* | hundreds *= hundred* | | | | once *property* | tree rules | | 9 | **rise** | gerund | ship sonar *not said here* | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The twilight zone: barreleyes, lantern…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth/1/) - next →: [The twilight zone: barreleyes, lantern…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth/)