--- title: Stilt roots hold mangroves up in soft mud and also take in some air,… — Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, arc… · tree and pragmatics description: Stilt roots hold mangroves up in soft mud and also take in some air, and some mangroves have snorkel-like roots called pneumatophores that stick up and take in air, because the mud has little oxygen. Who acts: Stilt roots, mangroves, like roots, mud. A sentence of the lesson «Mangroves: trees in sal --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudski…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/) / 5 # Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers, sentence 5 Stilt roots hold mangroves up in soft mud and also take in some air, and some mangroves have snorkel-like roots called pneumatophores that stick up and take in air, because the mud has little oxygen. **Who acts:** Stilt roots, mangroves, like roots, mud · **What happens:** hold up, take, have, call, stick up · **To what, where:** mangroves, soft mud, air, like roots, pneumatophores, little oxygen · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stilt roots, mangroves, like roots, mud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers.lesson:5 # text = Stilt roots hold mangroves up in soft mud and also take in some air, and some mangroves have snorkel-like roots called pneumatophores that stick up and take in air, because the mud has little oxygen. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Stilt stilt NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 roots root NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 hold hold VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 mangroves mangrove NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 up up ADV RB _ 3 compound:prt _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:advmod 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 also also ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 take take VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 14 det _ _ 14 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 17 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 18 det _ _ 18 mangroves mangrove NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 19 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=11:conj 20 snorkel snorkel NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 21 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 20 punct _ _ 22 like like ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 roots root NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 24 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 acl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:acl 25 pneumatophores pneumatophore NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:conj 26 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 27 nsubj _ _ 27 stick stick VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:acl:relcl 28 up up ADP RP _ 27 compound:prt _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 take take VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=27:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 31 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 34 because because SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 37 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 advcl _ _ 38 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 oxygen oxygen NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hold up** | present | Stilt roots | mangroves | | soft mud | | | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot mangrove=Theme | | 2 | **take** | present | Stilt roots *not said here* | | | some air | | | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in air=Location | | 3 | **have** | present | some mangroves | like roots | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Patient | | 4 | **call** | participle | like roots *not said here* | pneumatophores | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **stick up** | present | like roots | | | | | | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **take** | present | like roots *not said here* | | | air | | | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in air=Location | | 7 | **have** | present | the mud | little oxygen | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudski…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/4/) - next →: [Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudski…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/)