--- title: Mudskippers are fish that spend much of their time out of water; the… — Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, arc… · tree and pragmatics description: Mudskippers are fish that spend much of their time out of water; they keep water in their gill chambers and breathe through their skin, and males jump high to show off and defend their patch of mud. Who acts: Mudskippers, fish, mangroves, males. A sentence of the lesson «Mangroves: trees in salt wat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudski…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/) / 6 # Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers, sentence 6 Mudskippers are fish that spend much of their time out of water; they keep water in their gill chambers and breathe through their skin, and males jump high to show off and defend their patch of mud. **Who acts:** Mudskippers, fish, mangroves, males · **What happens:** be, spend, keep, breathe, jump, show off · **To what, where:** fish, much, water, gill chambers, skin, patch This is a sentence of the lesson «Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mudskippers, fish, mangroves, males), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers.lesson:6 # text = Mudskippers are fish that spend much of their time out of water; they keep water in their gill chambers and breathe through their skin, and males jump high to show off and defend their patch of mud. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Mudskippers mudskipper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 5 nsubj _ _ 5 spend spend VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 6 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:obj|HaikuPos=PRON:JJ:_ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 out out ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 14 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 15 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 16 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 18 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 19 gill gill NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 chambers chamber NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 breathe breathe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 23 through through ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 29 jump jump VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 30 high high ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 31 to to PART TO _ 32 mark _ _ 32 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 advcl _ _ 33 off off ADP RP _ 32 compound:prt _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 defend defend VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 32 conj _ _ 36 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 patch patch NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nmod _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Mudskippers | fish | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **spend** | present | fish | much of Mudskippers's time out water | | | | | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Asset | | 3 | **keep** | present | mangroves *= mangrove* | water | | mangroves's gill chambers | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent water=Theme in chamber=Location | | 4 | **breathe** | present | mangroves *= mangrove* *not said here* | | | mangroves's skin | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **jump** | present | males | | | | | high *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **show off** | to-infinitive | males *not said here* | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **defend** | infinitive | males *not said here* | mangroves's patch of mud | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent patch=Beneficiary | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudski…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/5/) - next →: [Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudski…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/)