--- title: Stalactites grow from dripping water that leaves behind a tiny bit o… — Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworm… · tree and pragmatics description: Stalactites grow from dripping water that leaves behind a tiny bit of chalky mineral, over thousands of years, and touching them can stop them growing, because oil from skin stops the mineral sticking. Who acts: Stalactites, dripping water, touching, oil. A sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/) / 13 # Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave, sentence 13 Stalactites grow from dripping water that leaves behind a tiny bit of chalky mineral, over thousands of years, and touching them can stop them growing, because oil from skin stops the mineral sticking. **Who acts:** Stalactites, dripping water, touching, oil · **What happens:** grow, drip, leave, touch, stop · **To what, where:** dripping water, tiny bit, Stalactites, mineral sticking This is a sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stalactites, dripping water, touching, oil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:13 # text = Stalactites grow from dripping water that leaves behind a tiny bit of chalky mineral, over thousands of years, and touching them can stop them growing, because oil from skin stops the mineral sticking. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4 1 Stalactites stalactite NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 from from ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 dripping drip VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 amod _ _ 5 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 7 leaves leave VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 8 behind behind ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 bit bit NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 chalky chalky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 mineral mineral NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 over over ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nmod _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 touching touch VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 25 csubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:advcl 23 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:nsubj 24 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 stop stop VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:ccomp 26 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ _ 27 growing grow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 25 xcomp _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 29 because because SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 30 oil oil NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 31 from from ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nmod _ _ 33 stops stop VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:conj 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 mineral mineral NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 36 sticking sticking NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grow** | present | Stalactites | | | dripping water | | over thousands of years | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over thousand=Location | | 2 | **drip** | gerund | | | | | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source | | 3 | **leave** | present | dripping water | | | a tiny bit of chalky mineral | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent behind bit=Location | | 4 | **touch** | gerund | | Stalactites *= stalactite* | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Co-Theme | | 5 | **stop** | can | touching | Stalactites *= stalactite* | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **grow** | gerund | touching *not said here* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **stop** | present | oil from skin | the mineral sticking | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality sticking=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/12/) - next →: [Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/)